Einstein, Albert

Albert Einstein (German: Albert Einstein IPA: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n] (inf.) [C 1], March 14, 1879, Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire – April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) was a Swiss, German, and American theoretical physicist and public figure - humanist, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics. Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, creator of the heliocentric system of the Universe.
Born on February 19, 1473 in the city of Torun in northern Poland.
Having received a comprehensive education in Poland and Italy, Copernicus became one of the most prominent representatives of Polish scientific and social thought of the late Middle Ages. He was involved in mathematics, medicine, engineering, poetry and translation.

Synergetics is a science about the laws of self-organization of complex developing systems. The term “synergetics” (Greek – assistance, cooperation) was used by G. Haken. It studies any self-organizing systems consisting of many subsystems (electrons, atoms, molecules, cells, neurons, organs, complex multicellular organisms, people, communities of people).

Astronomy is the science of the Universe that studies the location, movement, structure, origin, and development of celestial bodies and systems.

In particular, astronomy studies: the Sun and other stars; the planets of the Solar System and their satellites; exoplanets; asteroids; comets; meteoroids; interplanetary and interstellar matter; pulsars; black holes; nebulae; galaxies and their clusters; quasars and much more.

Mikhail Lomonosov is a great Russian scientist, chemist, physicist, artist, historian, poet and writer.
He was born on November 8 (19), 1711 in the village of Mishaninskaya (Arkhangelsk province, now the village of Lomonosovo) in a wealthy family. From an early age, he loved to go to sea with his father.
At the age of 19, Lomonosov decided to flee to Moscow, where he entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Lomonosov's life there was very difficult and poor. However, thanks to his perseverance, he managed to complete the entire 12-year course of study in 5 years.
In 1736, among the best students, he went to study in Germany. There he studied technical and natural sciences, as well as foreign languages ​​and literature. He began to collect his library.
In 1741, Mikhail Vasilyevich returned to his homeland. In 1742, Lomonosov was appointed adjunct professor of physics at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and three years later became a professor of chemistry.
Lomonosov's contribution to various fields of science is very large. He discovered the law of conservation of matter, wrote works on color theory, and built many optical devices.
He died on April 4 (15), 1765, from pneumonia and was buried at the Lazarevskoye Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Michael Faraday was an English physicist and chemist, the founder of the theory of the electromagnetic field.

Here are some of his discoveries:

In 1831, he discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which underlies the operation of all direct and alternating current generators.

In 1833, he discovered the laws of electrolysis (Faraday's laws).

In 1845, he discovered the phenomenon of rotation of the plane of polarization of light in a magnetic field (the Faraday effect).

Introduced a number of concepts into science - cathode, anode, ions, electrolysis, electrodes.

Invented the voltmeter in 1833.

In 1845, he first used the term "magnetic field".

Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

He was the first to create a system of science and develop research methods that are still used today.

Among the most important achievements of the scientist are the following: systematization of knowledge and creation of science as an independent discipline; development of logic and creation of syllogism as a method of proof; classification of animals and plants; development of the concept of ethics and political philosophy.

Biology is the science of living organisms.

It studies all living things, from tiny single-celled creatures to complex organisms.

Biology examines: the appearance of organisms on Earth; their evolution; life activity; behavior; interaction with the environment and with each other.

Biology includes many disciplines, such as botany, zoology, genetics, ecology and others.

Isaac Newton

English mathematician, astronomer, physicist, mechanic, who laid the foundations of classical mechanics, one of the founders of classical physics - Newton explained the movement of celestial bodies - the planets around the Sun and the Moon around the Earth.

His most famous discovery was the law of universal gravitation.

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in the small village of Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire.

Physics is a science that studies the simplest and most general properties and laws of motion of objects in the material world.

The concepts of physics and its laws underlie all natural science.

The laws of physics are based on facts established empirically. They are strictly defined quantitative relationships and are formulated in mathematical language.

A distinction is made between experimental physics (experiments conducted to discover new facts and to test discovered physical laws) and theoretical physics, the purpose of which is to formulate general laws of nature and to explain specific phenomena based on these laws, as well as to predict new phenomena.